Pharmacies and use of antibiotics: a cross sectional study in 19 Arab countries

Antimicrobial resistance, a global public health challenge, is largely due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. The distribution of antibiotics without a prescription in pharmacies significantly contributes to this crisis. This study aims to assess pharmacists’ knowledge and experience in prescribing antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries, including the Arabian region. A cross-sectional assessment was conducted among 2833 community pharmacists, focusing on knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dispensing antibiotics without a prescription.